UPSC Environment: Major International Conventions and Protocols (1971–1998)

𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥 𝗘𝗡𝗩𝗜𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗩𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗦➡️ * Ramsar Convention (1971) - Conservation and wise use of wetlands. * World Heritage Convention (1972) - Protection of natural and cultural heritage. * CITES (1973) - Regulates international trade in endangered species. * CMS / Bonn Convention (1979) - Conservation of migratory species. * Vienna Convention (1985) - Protection of the ozone layer. * Montreal Protocol (1987) - Phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. * Basel Convention (1989) - Controls transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. * UNFCCC (1992) - Framework to address climate change. * CBD (1992) - Conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use and fair benefit-sharing. * UNCCD (1994) - Combats desertification and drought. * Kyoto Protocol (1997) - Emission-reduction commitments for developed countries. * Rotterdam Convention (1998) - Prior Informed Consent